On 18 December 1963 a number of students from Ghana and other African countries organized a protest on Moscow's Red Square in response to the alleged murder of medical student Edmund Assare-Addo. The number of participants was reported at 500–700, but according to the Ghanaian physician Edward Na, who participated in the events, there were at most 150 protesters. The ambassador of Ghana in the Soviet UnionJohn Banks Elliott requested a militsiya protection of the Ghanaian embassy. This was the first recorded political protest on Red Square since the late 1920s.
Background
Edmund Assare-Addo was a 29-year-old student of the Kalinin Medical Institute. His body was found in a stretch of wasteland along a country road leading to the Moscow Ring Road. African students alleged that he was knifed by a Soviet man because Assare-Addo courted a Russian girl. The African students based their allegation on the unlikelihood of a student venturing into that remote place. The Soviet authorities stated that Assare-Addo froze to death in a snow while being drunk. According to the autopsy, performed by Soviet medics with two advanced medical students from Ghana as observers, the death was "an effect of cold in a state of alcohol-induced stupor". No signs of physical trauma were found, with the possible exception of a small scar on the neck. Discussing the incident with Soviet officials, Elliot indicated the Western embassies in Moscow as the probable instigators of the incident. Elliot went so far as to suggest that students who "behaved poorly" and "skipped class" should be expelled from the Soviet Union. Before the students' march to the Red Square Elliott alleged that the students broke into the Ghanaian embassy and damaged furniture and pictures.
Protest
The protesters were African students studying in Soviet universities and institutes. Having assembled on the morning of18 December 1963, they wrote a memorandum to present to Soviet authorities. The protesters carried placards with slogans "Moscow – center of discrimination", "Stop killing Africans!" and "Moscow, a second Alabama", while shouting in English, Russian, and French. The protesters marched to the Spasskiye Gates of the Kremlin, where they posed for photographs and gave interviews to the Western correspondents. The Soviet TASS news agency responded with a statement: "It is to be regretted that the meetings of the Ghanaian students which began in connection with their claims to the embassy of their country resulted in the disturbance of public order in Moscow streets. It is quite natural that this is resented by the Russian people". On 20 December, the students returned to classes and militsiya ceased the protection of the Ghanaian embassy.
