1952 in Australia

Incumbents

• Monarch – George VI, then Elizabeth II
• Governor-General – Sir William McKell
• Prime Minister – Robert Menzies
• Chief Justice – Sir John Latham then Sir Owen Dixon

  State Premiers

• Premier of New South Wales – James McGirr, then Joseph Cahill
• Premier of Queensland – Ned Hanlon, then Vince Gair
• Premier of South Australia – Thomas Playford IV
• Premier of Tasmania – Robert Cosgrove
• Premier of Victoria – John McDonald, then Thomas Hollway, then John McDonald, then John Cain I
• Premier of Western Australia – Ross McLarty

  State Governors

• Governor of New South Wales – Sir John Northcott
• Governor of Queensland – Sir John Lavarack
• Governor of South Australia – Sir Charles Norrie
• Governor of Tasmania – Sir Ronald Cross, 1st Baronet
• Governor of Victoria – Sir Dallas Brooks
• Governor of Western Australia – Sir Charles Gairdner

  Events

• 20 January – The first express trains run between Melbourne and Adelaide, following the completion of a railway between the two cities.
• 6 February – King George VI dies, and is succeeded as Queen of Australia by his daughter, Elizabeth II.
• 18 April – Owen Dixon becomes Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia.
• 29 April – The ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States comes into force.
• 14–18 June – Disastrous floods in the southeast corner leave 600 homeless and render a major rail line near Moss Vale unusable throughout the winter
• *The winter season is especially wet in the southeast of the continent, being the wettest on record in Melbourne and the fifth wettest on record in Sydney
• 1 September – Qantas Empire Airways commences the first air service between Australia and South Africa.
• 28 October – Premier of Victoria John McDonald resigns after the Victorian Legislative Council refuses supply. Thomas Hollway forms a short-lived ministry which lasts four days.
• 30 November – Lang Hancock discovers the world's largest deposit of iron ore in the Hamersley Range of Western Australia's Pilbara region.
• 6 December – A state election is held in Victoria.

  Science and technology

• 3 October – The first British nuclear test in Australia, Operation Hurricane, commences on the Monte Bello Islands with the detonation of an atomic bomb of 25 kilotons yield.

  Arts and literature

• 28 April – Joan Sutherland makes her debut at Covent Garden
• William Dargie wins the Archibald Prize with his portrait of Essington Lewis
• Frank Hinder wins the Blake Prize for Religious Art with his work Flight into Egypt

  Sport

• Athletics
• * 16 February – Robert Prentice wins his second men's national marathon title, clocking 3:19:26 in Melbourne.
• * Olympics: Marjorie Jackson wins gold medals in the Women's 100m and 200m
• * Olympics: Shirley Strickland wins the gold medal in the 80m Hurdles
• Cricket
• * New South Wales wins the Sheffield Shield
• Cycling
• * Olympics: Russell Mockridge wins the gold medal in the Men's 1000m Time Trial
• * Olympics: Lionel Cox and Russell Mockridge win the gold medal in the Men's 2000m tandem
• Football
• * 14 and 16 June – for the only time in its history, the VFL plays matches for premiership points in country centres. Three other games are the first played interstate for premiership points since 1904 but flooding rains affect attendances and cause one game to be postponed and played under lights.
• * Victorian Football League premiership: Geelong defeated Collingwood 86-40
• * South Australian National Football League premiership: won by North Adelaide
• Rugby
• * Bledisloe Cup: retained by the All Blacks
• * Brisbane Rugby League premiership: Wests defeated Brothers 15-14
• * New South Wales Rugby League premiership: Wests defeated South Sydney 22-12
• Golf
• * Australian Open: won by Norman Von Nida
• * Australian PGA Championship: won by William C Holder
• Horse Racing
• * Peshawar wins the Caulfield Cup
• * Hydrogen wins the Cox Plate
• * Dalray wins the Melbourne Cup
• Motor Racing
• * The Australian Grand Prix was held at Bathurst and won by Doug Whiteford driving a Talbot-Lago
• Swimming
• * Olympics: John Davies wins the gold medal in the Men's 200m breaststroke
• Tennis
• * Australian Open men's singles: Ken McGregor defeats Frank Sedgman 7-5 12-10 2–6 6-2
• * Australian Open women's singles: Thelma Coyne Long defeats Helen Angwin 6-2 6-3
• * Davis Cup: Australia defeats the United States 4–1 in the 1952 Davis Cup final
• * Wimbledon: Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman win the Men's Doubles
• * Wimbledon: Frank Sedgman wins the Men's Singles
• Yachting
• * Nocturne takes line honours and Ingrid wins on handicap in the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race

  Births

• 2 January – Graeme Strachan, singer
• 1 March – Leigh Matthews, Australian Rules football player and coach
• 6 March – Ian Cooke, field hockey player
• 12 April – Mike Munro, journalist
• 6 June – Ross Stretton, ballet dancer
• 11 June – Tony Barnett, basketball player
• 15 June – Clare Martin, Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
• 26 June – Peter Farmer, hammer thrower
• 28 June – Ken Gillespie, Vice Chief of the Defence Force, Chief of Army
• 28 July – Glenn A. Baker, music historian
• 7 October – Graham Yallop, cricketer
• 2 September – Pru Goward, politician
• 4 September – Tom Maher, basketball coach
• 21 October – Trevor Chappell, cricketer
• 22 October – John Howard, stage and screen actor
• 18 November – Peter Beattie, Premier of Queensland
• 6 December – Ric Charlesworth, sportsman
• 17 December – Andrew Fraser, politician
• 18 December – Frank Holden, entertainer

  Deaths

• 6 February – George VI, King
• 12 June – Harry Lawson, Premier of Victoria
• 22 July – James Vinton Smith, politician
• 27 July – Roland Pope, cricketer and philanthropist.
• 14 September – John McPhee, Premier of Tasmania
• 4 October – Keith Murdoch, journalist
• 12 October – Madge Connor, first female Victorian police officer
• 28 October – Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia
• 30 November – Elizabeth Kenny, nurse