1910 in Australia

Incumbents

• Monarch – Edward VII, then George V
• Governor-General – William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley
• Prime Minister – Alfred Deakin, then Andrew Fisher
• Chief Justice – Samuel Griffith

  State premiers

• Premier of New South Wales – Charles Wade, then James McGowen
• Premier of South Australia – Archibald Peake, then John Verran
• Premier of Queensland – William Kidston
• Premier of Tasmania – Sir Neil Elliott Lewis
• Premier of Western Australia – Sir Newton Moore, then Frank Wilson
• Premier of Victoria – John Murray

  State governors

• Governor of New South Wales – Frederic Thesiger, 3rd Baron Chelmsford
• Governor of South Australia – Admiral Sir Day Bosanquet
• Governor of Queensland – Sir William MacGregor
• Governor of Tasmania – Major General Sir Harry Barron
• Governor of Western Australia – Sir Gerald Strickland
• Governor of Victoria – Sir Thomas Gibson-Carmichael

  Events

• 21 March – Harry Houdini achieves one of the first powered flights in Australia.
• 13 April – A referendum is held into alteration of the Australian Constitution regarding state debt and surplus revenue. The state debt question was carried, the surplus revenue question was not.
• 6 May – Edward VII dies, his son George V becomes King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions.
• 16 September – The Australian Treasury is given authority to issue currency, replacing the use of the British Pound.
• 16 November – The Northern Territory Acceptance Act 1910 receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General, transferring the Northern Territory from the control of South Australia to the Commonwealth.
• 19 November – A cyclone strikes the town of Broome, Western Australia, killing 40 people and destroying 20 houses.
• 25 November – The Royal Australian Navy is created with the passing of the Australian Naval Defence Act by the Federal Parliament. The destroyers HMAS Parramatta and HMAS Yarra arrive in Australia.
• 8 December – Geelong, Victoria is declared a city.

  Science and technology

• Dethridge wheel developed – used to measure flow of irrigation water delivered to farms

  Arts and literature

• Henry Handel Richardson's novel The Getting of Wisdom published

  Sport

• Comedy King wins the Melbourne Cup
• South Australia wins the Sheffield Shield
• The Great Britain rugby league team went on their first tour of Australasia and defeated Australia to win the Ashes.
• 17 September – The 1910 NSWRFL season culminates in a grand final between South Sydney and Newtown which is drawn 4 – 4. Newtown are crowned premiers by virtue of being minor premiers.

  Births

• 11 January – Shane Paltridge, politician
• 28 January – Jim Willis, botanist
• 7 April – Alec Downer, politician
• 10 April – Bob Marshall, billiards champion
• 17 April – Ivan Goff, screenwriter
• 2 May – Laurie Nash, cricketer and footballer
• 11 May – John Béchervaise, Antarctic explorer
• 6 July – John Knott, public servant
• 16 July – Stan McCabe, cricketer
• 22 July – Alan Moorehead, war correspondent
• 22 August – Kenneth McIntyre, historian and mathematician
• 28 August Kathleen Best, first director of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps
• 28 August – Tom Burke, politician
• 24 September – Douglas Darby, politician
• 1 October – José Enrique Moyal, Palestinian-born mathematical physicist

  Deaths

• 4 January – Sir Frederick Darley, Chief Justice of NSW
• 18 January – James Cuthbertson, poet and schoolteacher
• 29 January – Sir Charles Todd, astronomer
• 19 March – James Smith, journalist
• 3 April – Catherine Helen Spence, writer and social reformer
• 25 April – Edward William O'Sullivan, journalist and politician
• 27 May – George Britton Halford, anatomist and physiologist
• 25 June – Field Flowers Goe, Anglican bishop
• 20 July – Anderson Dawson, Premier of Queensland
• 13 August - Micky Dore, rugby league footballer
• 22 August – Joey Palmer, cricketer
• 26 August – Thomas Petrie, explorer and grazier
• 30 August – George Throssell, Premier of Western Australia
• 23 September – Tup Scott, cricketer
• 14 November – Charles Gregory, cricketer
• Guglielmo Enrico Lardelli composer