1909 in literature 1909 .Events January – T. E. Hulme's poems "Autumn" and "A City Sunset" are included in the Poets' Club anthology For Christmas MDCCCCVIII , as the first examples of Imagism . January 15 – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama La donna è mobile opens at the :it:Teatro Alfieri|Teatro Alfieri, Turin . February 1 – The first issue appears of La Nouvelle Revue Française , a literary magazine founded in Paris by André Gide , Jacques Copeau, Jean Schlumberger , Gaston Gallimard , and others. February 20 – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto first appears in the French newspaper Le Figaro . March 2 – Katherine Mansfield , while pregnant by another man, marries the singing teacher George Bowden, whom she barely knows. She leaves him the same evening to resume lesbian relations with Ida Baker. April *The opening night of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama Le Roi bombance is heckled by the audience and the writer himself. *The German periodical Die Tat is founded by Ernst Horneffer. April 24 – The Metropolitan Library in Beijing , predecessor of the National Library of China , is founded by the Qing government. September 6 – Israel Zangwill's play The Melting Pot opens in New York City . September 23 – Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera begins serialization in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois . September 29 – Franz Kafka's short story "The Aeroplanes at Brescia ", based on a real event, is published in the Prague newspaper Bohemia , as the first description of airplanes in German literature. November – E. M. Forster's science fiction short story "The Machine Stops" is published in The Oxford and Cambridge Review . Uncertain date Fiction Florence Barclay – The Rosary Maurice Barrès – Colette Baudoche André Billy – La Derive Algernon Blackwood *The Education of Uncle Paul *Jimbo: A Fantasy René Boylesve – La Jeune Fille bien élevée Hall Caine – The White Prophet Gilbert Cannan – Peter Homunculus Ion Luca Caragiale – Kir Ianulea Robert W. Chambers – The Danger Mark Herbert Croly – The Promise of American Life Concha Espina – That Luzmela Girl Charles Hoy Fort – The Outcast Manufacturers Anatole France – Balthazar Jacques Futrelle – Elusive Isabel John Galsworthy – Fraternity Charles Garvice – A Fair Impostor Robert Hichens – Bella Donna Olha Kobylianska – V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala Maurice Leblanc – The Hollow Needle Gaston Leroux – Le fauteuil hanté Jack London – Martin Eden John Masefield – Multitude and Solitude Silas Weir Mitchell – The Red City Baroness Orczy *The Nest of the Sparrowhawk *The Old Man in the Corner Randall Parrish – My Lady of the South Luigi Pirandello – I vecchi e i giovani Władysław Reymont – Chłopi Stein Riverton – Jernvognen Olivia Shakespear – Uncle Hilary Gertrude Stein – Three Lives Gene Stratton-Porter – A Girl of the Limberlost Hermann Sudermann – The Song of Songs Mark Twain – Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven Edgar Wallace * Captain Tatham of Tatham Island * The Duke in the Suburbs Robert Walser – Jakob von Gunten Mary Augusta Ward – Daphne H. G. Wells *Ann Veronica *Tono-Bungay Children and young people L. Frank Baum *The Road to Oz *Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work Angela Brazil – The Nicest Girl in the School Lucy Maud Montgomery – Anne of Avonlea Beatrix Potter *The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies *The Tale of Ginger and Pickles P. G. Wodehouse – Mike Drama advertising the première of his playPaul Armont and Nicolas Nancey – Théodore et Cie Sem Benelli – The Jester's Supper Clyde Fitch – The City John Galsworthy – Strife Harley Granville-Barker – The Madras House Cicely Hamilton – A Pageant of Great Women Agha Hashar Kashmiri – Khwab-e-Hasti Oskar Kokoschka – Murderer, the Hope of Women Else Lasker-Schüler – Die Wupper Ferenc Molnár – Liliom George Bernard Shaw – The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet Poetry Guillaume Apollinaire – L'Enchanteur pourrissant François Mauriac – Les Mains jointes John Millington Synge – Poems and Translations Non-fiction Henry James – Italian Hours William James – A Pluralistic Universe Jane's All the World's Aircraft Daniel Jones – The Pronunciation of English C. I. Scofield (ed.Births January 20 – Mae Virginia Cowdery , African American poet January 18 – Oskar Davičo , Serbian novelist and poet January 29 – Phoebe Hesketh , English poet February 15 – Miep Gies , Austrian-born biographer February 24 – August Derleth , American anthologist March 17 – Margiad Evans , Anglo-Welsh poet, novelist and illustrator March 22 – Gabrielle Roy , French Canadian author March 28 – Nelson Algren , American novelist March 31 – Robert Brasillach , French author April 8 – John Fante , American novelist May 1 – Yiannis Ritsos , Greek poet May 5 – Miklós Radnóti , Hungarian poet May 9 – Robert Garioch , Scottish poet June 6 – Isaiah Berlin , German philosopher June 19 – Osamu Dazai , Japanese author June 28 – Eric Ambler , English novelist July 1 – Juan Carlos Onetti , Uruguayan writer July 8 – Petar Šegedin , Croatian diplomat, novelist and essayist July 17 – G. P. Wells, son and co-author of H. G. Wells July 28 – Malcolm Lowry , English novelist July 29 – Chester Himes , American writer July 30 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and author August 3 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark , American novelist August 11 – Uku Masing , Estonian religious philosopher, linguist and writer August 19 – Jerzy Andrzejewski , Polish author October 24 – Sheila Watson , Canadian novelist and critic November 12 – Laxmi Prasad Devkota , Nepali poet, playwright, and novelist November 26 – Eugène Ionesco , Romanian-born French playwright November 27 – James Agee , American writer December 14 – Ronald Welch , Welsh novelist and children's writer writing in English December 16 – Edgar Mittelholzer , Guyanese novelistDeaths January 14 – William à Beckett , English journalist February 11 – Russell Sturgis , American art critic March 24 – John Millington Synge , Irish dramatist and poet March 27 John Davidson , Scottish poet April 9 *Francis Marion Crawford, American novelist *Paschal Grousset, French journalist and science fiction writer April 12 – Algernon Charles Swinburne , English poet April 21 – Denys Corbet , Guernsey poet writing in Guernsey French and English April 26 – Marcus Dods , Scottish theologian May 18 – George Meredith , English novelist and poet June 11 – Jacob Mikhailovich Gordin , American dramatist July 8 – Albert Craig , English cricket writer July 9 – Rosa Nouchette Carey , English children's writer August 15 – Euclides da Cunha , Brazilian writer, shot August 18 – Theodore Martin , Scottish-born writer August 21 – George Cabot Lodge , American poet August 23 – Liu E , Chinese scholar, entrepreneur and novelist August 26 – George Manville Fenn , English novelist and educationalist September 4 – Clyde Fitch , American playwright September 19 – József Borovnyák , Slovene writer , politician and priest October 16 – Jakub Bart-Ćišinski , Upper Sorbian poet, writer, playwright and translator October 24 – Henry Charles Lea , American historian November 18 – Renée Vivien , English-born French-language Symbolist poet December 14 – Frederick Greenwood , English novelist and journalist Uncertain date
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