1907 in the United Kingdom

Incumbents

• Monarch – Edward VII
• Prime Minister – Henry Campbell-Bannerman
• Parliament – 28th

  Events

• 13 January – the steamship Pengwern flounders in the North Sea: crew and 24 men lost.
• 26 January
• * First performance of J. M. Synge's play The Playboy of the Western World at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin triggers a week of rioting.
• * The Short Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle is officially introduced into British military service.
• 5 February – alarm at an epidemic of meningitis in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Belfast
• 7 February – the "Mud March", the first large procession organized by the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, takes place in London.
• 21 February – mail steamer Berlin wrecked off the Hook of Holland: 142 lives lost.
• 27 February – the Old Bailey criminal court opens in London.
• 19 March – National Library and National Museum of Wales are established by Royal Charter.
• 22 March – the first taxicabs with taximeters begin operating in London.
• 6 April – Horatio Phillips achieves the first, limited, powered heavier-than-air flight in the UK when his multiplane makes a hop.
• 13 May-1 June – 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party held at the Brotherhood Church in the London borough of Hackney. Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and Litvinov attend, the latter two staying in the Whitechapel Rowton House.
• 1 June – Colin Blythe of Kent takes 17 wickets for 48 runs against Northamptonshire at Northampton in one day. It is the best analysis ever recorded for a county cricket match, and not bettered in first-class cricket until 1956.
• 11 June – George Dennett of Gloucestershire, aided by Gilbert Jessop, dismisses Northamptonshire for 12 runs, the lowest total in first-class cricket.
• 17 June – Brooklands, the world's first motor racing track opens, at Weybridge, Surrey.
• 6 July – guardians of the Irish Crown Jewels notice that they have been stolen.
• 13 July – Edward Medal instituted to recognise acts of bravery by miners and quarrymen in endangering their lives to rescue fellow workers in accidents.
• 1-9 August – Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island.
• 12 August – troops open fire during rioting in Belfast, killing four nationalists.
• 31 August – Sir Arthur Nicolson and Count Alexander Izvolsky sign the Anglo-Russian Entente in Saint Petersburg and set the foundation for the Triple Entente.
• 7 September – passenger liner sets out on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York.
• 9 September – New Zealand is granted dominion status.
• 10 September – British Army Dirigible No 1, Nulli Secundus, the UK's first powered airship, makes her first flight. On 5 October she flies from the School of Ballooning, Farnborough, Hampshire, to London in 3 hours 25 minutes.
• 11 September – Camden Town Murder.
• 1 October – 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident: two people are killed and 17 injured.
• 15 October – Shrewsbury rail accident: A London & North Western Railway sleeping car train suffers derailment passing through Shrewsbury station at excessive speed; 18 lives are lost.
• 28 October – first organised British school meal service for all pupils, a dinner of scotch barley broth and fruit tart, served to pupils at Green Lane Primary School in Manningham, Bradford, by headmaster Jonathan Priestley.
• 1 November – first performance of John Hughes' hymn tune Cwm Rhondda, at Capel Rhondda Welsh Baptist Chapel, Hopkinstown, Pontypridd, with text in English translation.
• 9 November – the Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his 66th birthday.
• 16 November – passenger liner RMS Mauretania sets out on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York.
• 29 November – Florence Nightingale becomes the first woman to receive the Order of Merit, for her nursing work during the Crimean War.
• 10 December – Rudyard Kipling wins the Nobel Prize in Literature "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author".

  Undated

• The Criminal Appeal Act creates a Court of Criminal Appeal in English law.
• The Companies Act introduces an explicit distinction between private and public companies.
• Initiation of a system of free places in Grammar schools in England and Wales.
• The Tudor Barrington Court in Somerset becomes the first large English country house acquired by The National Trust.
• The Moine Thrust Belt in the Scottish Highlands is identified by geologists, one of the first to be discovered.

  Publications

• The Cambridge History of English Literature begins publication.
• Joseph Conrad's novel The Secret Agent.
• E. M. Forster's novel The Longest Journey.
• R. Austin Freeman’s novel The Red Thumb Mark.
• Elinor Glyn's novel Three Weeks.
• Edmund Gosse's autobiography Father and Son.
• Elsie J. Oxenham's children's novel Goblin Island.

  Births

• 10 January – Nicholas Evans, artist
• 22 January – Dixie Dean, footballer
• 28 January – Henry Cotton, golfer
• 21 February – W. H. Auden, poet
• 24 February – Bernard Kettlewell, geneticist and lepidopterist
• 27 February – Kenneth Horne, radio comedy performer
• 18 March – John Zachary Young, biologist
• 6 April – Richard Murdoch, radio comedy actor
• 15 April – Lynton Lamb, illustrator and stamp designer
• 24 April – William Sargant, psychiatrist
• 13 May – Daphne du Maurier, novelist
• 22 May – Laurence Olivier, actor and director
• 1 June – Frank Whittle, aeronautical engineer
• 14 June – Nicolas Bentley, writer and illustrator
• 23 June – James Meade, economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 28 June – Emily Perry, actress
• 18 July – H. L. A. Hart, legal philosopher
• 27 July
• * Richard Beesly, Olympic gold medal rower
• * Mollie Phillips, figure skater
• 7 August – Bernard Brodie, biochemist, "founder of modern pharmacology"
• 13 August – William Astor, politician
• 28 August – Rupert Hart-Davis, publisher
• 12 September – Louis MacNeice, poet
• 25 September – Raymond Glendenning, radio sports commentator
• 27 September – Bernard Miles, actor and director
• 2 October – Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 9 October – Quintin Hogg, politician
• 3 November – Christopher Bonham-Carter, admiral
• 18 December – Christopher Fry, playwright
• 22 December – Peggy Ashcroft, actress

  Deaths

• 21 January – Bertram Fletcher Robinson, author, editor and journalist
• 26 February – Charles W. Alcock, footballer, journalist and football promoter
• 1 March – Sir August Manns, conductor
• 9 March – Frederic George Stephens, art critic
• 10 March – George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn, industrialist
• 19 May – Sir Benjamin Baker, civil engineer
• 6 June – J. A. Chatwin, architect
• 19 June – Thomas Andrews, metallurgical chemist
• 5 July – John Romilly Allen, archaeologist
• 9 July – Alfred Billson, politician
• 14 July – Sir William Henry Perkin, chemist
• 25 August – Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, poet and novelist
• 9 September – Ernest Wilberforce, bishop
• 6 November – James Hector, Scottish geologist
• 17 December – Lord Kelvin, Ulster Scots physicist and engineer
• 31 December – Michael Marks, joint founder of Marks & Spencer retail chain