1814 in France

Incumbents

• Monarch - Napoleon, then Louis XVIII

  Events

• 26 January - First Battle of St-Dizier, French victory over Russian forces.
• 29 January - Battle of Brienne, French victory over Prussian and Russian forces.
• 1 February - Battle of La Rothière, Prussian victory over French forces.
• 10 February - Battle of Champaubert, decisive French victory over Prussia/Russia.
• 11 February - Battle of Montmirail, French victory.
• 12 February - Battle of Château-Thierry, French victory against Prussian forces.
• 14 February - Battle of Vauchamps, French victory.
• 17 February - Battle of Mormans, French victory.
• 18 February - Battle of Montereau, French victory over Austrian forces.
• 27 February - Battle of Bar-sur-Aube, Austrian victory.
• 27 February - Peninsular War: Battle of Orthez, Anglo-Portuguese victory over French forces.
• 7 March - Battle of Craonne, French victory.
• 9 March-10 March - Battle of Laon, French defeat.
• 10 March - Napoleon rejects the proposed Treaty of Chaumont.
• 12 March - Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême enters Bordeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.
• 19 March - Battle of Reims, French victory.
• 20 March-21 March - Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, Austrian victory over French forces.
• 25 March - Battle of La Fère-Champenoise, Prussian victory.
• 26 March - Second Battle of St-Dizier, French victory over Russian forces.
• 30 March - Battle of Montmartre, Austrian/Prussian victory.
• 30 March-31 March - Battle of Paris, decisive victory for Austria/Russia/Prussia.
• 31 March - Paris is occupied by Austrian and Prussian forces.
• 6 April - Napoleon abdicates. Louis XVIII of France accedes to the throne.
• 10 April - Peninsular War: Battle of Toulouse, indecisive.
• 11 April - Treaty of Fontainebleau, Napoleon is stripped of his powers as ruler of the French Empire.
• 30 May - Treaty of Paris, ends the war between France and the Sixth Coalition and Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba.

  Births

January to March

• 6 January - Hyacinthe de Valroger, Roman Catholic priest and Oratorian.
• 15 January - Pierre-Jules Hetzel, editor and publisher.
• 17 January - Hippolyte Lucas, entomologist.
• 27 January - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, architect and theorist.
• 30 January - Jules Lequier, philosopher.
• 6 February - Auguste Chapdelaine, Christian missionary to China.
• 26 February - Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, geologist and meteorologist.
• 28 February - Edmond Frémy, chemist.

  April to June

• 19 April - Louis Amédée Achard, novelist.
• 1 May - Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne, Jew who became a Jesuit Catholic priest and missionary.
• 14 May - Siméon-François Berneux, Roman Catholic missionary killed in Korea.
• 15 May - Antoine Chintreuil, painter.
• 21 May - Louis Janmot, painter and poet.
• 22 May - Joseph-Louis Lambot, inventor of ferro-cement.
• 1 June - François Ponsard, dramatist.
• 3 June - Louis Alfred Becquerel, physicist and medical researcher.
• 5 June - Pierre Wantzel, mathematician.
• 25 June - Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, geologist.

  July to September

• 8 September - Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, writer, ethnographer, historian and archaeologist.
• 16 September - Émile Saisset, philosopher.
• 17 September - Pierre Edmond Teisserenc de Bort, writer and politician.
• 22 September - Auguste Jean François Grenier, doctor and entomologist.
• 23 September - Henri de Castellane, politician and nobleman.

  October to December

• 3 October - Hervé Faye, astronomer.
• 4 October - Jean-François Millet, painter.
• 11 October - Jean-Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe.
• 13 October - Jules Etienne Joseph Quicherat, historian and archaeologist.
• 25 October - Louis, Duke of Nemours, second son of King Louis-Philippe of France.
• 5 November - Alfred de Bougy, poet and author.
• 17 November - François-Louis Français, painter.
• 30 November - Eugène Rouher, statesman.

  Full date unknown

• Louis-Auguste Bisson, photographer.
• Pierre Bossan, architect.

  Deaths

January to June

• 14 January - Charles Bossut, mathematician.
• 21 January - Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, writer and botanist.
• 30 January - Stephen Rochefontaine, military engineer in the Continental Army in America.
• 2 February - Jean-Nicolas Démeunier, author and politician.
• 27 February - Julien Louis Geoffroy, literary critic.
• 13 March - Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti, aristocrat.
• 26 March - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, physician who proposed the use of a mechanical device to carry out death penalties.
• 29 March - Claude Michel, sculptor.
• 31 March - Pierre Sonnerat, naturalist and explorer.
• 25 April - Louis-Sébastien Mercier, dramatist and writer.
• 29 May - Joséphine de Beauharnais, first wife of Napoleon I of France and thus the first Empress of the French.
• 28 June - Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé, soldier and politician.

  July to December

• 5 July - Jean Baptiste Le Sueur Fontaine, actor and theatre director.
• 7 September - Pierre Victor, baron Malouet, publicist and politician.
• 13 September - Louis-François Bertin, journalist.
• 17 September - Jacques Bernard d'Anselme, General.
• 1 October - Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, entomologist.
• 30 November - Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune, draughtsman, illustrator and engraver.
• 2 December - Marquis de Sade, aristocrat, revolutionary and writer of philosophy-laden and often violent pornography.
• 11 December - Marie-Louise O'Murphy, child-courtesan, one of the several mistresses of King Louis XV of France.

  Full date unknown

• Abbé Aubert, dramatist, poet and journalist.
• Pierre Patte, architect.
• Jean-François Pierre Peyron, painter.
• Jean Baptiste Louis George Seroux D'Agincourt, archaeologist and historian.