1810 in science

Chemistry

• Chlorine is named by Humphry Davy.
• Cantharidin is isolated by Pierre Jean Robiquet from Lytta vesicatoria in Paris.

  Mathematics

• Charles Julien Brianchon proves Brianchon's theorem.

  Medicine

• John Haslam, resident apothecary at Bethlem Hospital in London, produces the book Illustrations of Madness: Exhibiting a Singular Case of Insanity, And a No Less Remarkable Difference in Medical Opinions: Developing the Nature of An Assailment, And the Manner of Working Events; with a Description of Tortures Experienced by Bomb-Bursting, Lobster-Cracking and Lengthening the Brain, the first full-length study of a single psychiatric patient in medical history and the original description of the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia.
• Franz Joseph Gall begins publishing in Paris, pioneering study of the localization of mental functions in the brain and popularising phrenology.
• Samuel Hahnemann publishes Organon der rationellen Heilkunde, the fundamental text for his theory of homeopathy.

  Physics

• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes his Theory of Colours.

  Technology

• June – Nicolas Appert publishes L'art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les substances animales ou végétales, the first description of modern food preservation using airtight containers.

  Zoology

• Antoine Risso publishes Ichthyologie de Nice.

  Births

• April 6 – Philip Henry Gosse, English science writer.
• May 31 – Filip Neriusz Walter, Polish organic chemist.
• July 21 – Henri Victor Regnault, French physical chemist.
• September 14 – Caroline Rosenberg Danish botanist.
• October 12 – Alexander Bain, Scottish inventor.
• November 11 – Orlando Whistlecraft, English meteorologist.
• November 28 – William Froude, English hydrodynamicist.
• December 7 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist.

  Deaths

• February 24 – Henry Cavendish, English physicist and chemist.
• May 2 – Jean-Louis Baudelocque, French obstetrician
• June 26 – Joseph Michel Montgolfier, French pioneer balloonist.