1804 in science The year 1804 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.Astronomy and space science April 5 – High Possil meteorite , the first recorded meteorite to fall in Scotland in modern times, falls at Possil . September 1 – Karl Ludwig Harding discovers the asteroid Juno .Botany March 7 – John Wedgwood founds the Horticultural Society of London . Jacques-Julien Labillardière begins publication of Novæ Hollandiæ Plantarum Specimen in Paris , the first flora of Australia . Publication in Paris of Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure's collected papers Recherches chimiques sur la végétation , outlining the basic reaction of photosynthesis . Publication in London of Maria Elizabetha Jacson's Botanical Lectures by a Lady .Chemistry William Hyde Wollaston discovers how to make malleable platinum . German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner first isolates morphine from opium , probably the first ever isolation of a natural plant alkaloid .Exploration May 14 – The Lewis and Clark Expedition departs from Camp Dubois and begin their historic journey by traveling up the Missouri River .Geology Alexander von Humboldt discovers that the Earth's magnetic field decreases from the poles to the equator.Medicine October 13 – In Japan , Hanaoka Seishū performs a partial mastectomy for breast cancer on a 60-year-old woman named Kan Aiya, using tsūsensan as a general anesthetic , generally regarded as the first reliably documented operation performed under general anesthesia. Publication of The Anatomy of the Human Body , vol. 3, Nervous System by Charles Bell . Antonio Scarpa publishes Riflessioni ed Osservazione anatomico-chirugiche sull' Aneurisma , a classic text on aneurisms.Meteorology Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Jean Baptiste Biot study the atmosphere from a hot-air balloon .Paleontology James Parkinson publishes the first volume of Organic Remains of a Former World , supporting belief in Catastrophism .Technology February 21 – The Cornishman Richard Trevithick's newly built "Penydarren" steam locomotive operates on the Merthyr Tramroad between Penydarren Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil and Abercynon in South Wales , following several trials since February 13, the world's first locomotive to work on rails. The first Burr Truss bridge is built by Theodore Burr across the Hudson River in Waterford, New York . William Congreve begins development of the solid-fuel Congreve rocket as an artillery weapon. The British Army first uses shrapnel shells, invented by Major Henry Shrapnel , in action, against the Dutch in Suriname .Awards Copley Medal: Smithson Tennant Births February 12 – Heinrich Lenz , Russian-born Baltic German physicist February 18 – Baron Carl von Rokitansky , Bohemian pathologist March 8 – Alvan Clark , American telescope manufacturer April 5 * Mary Philadelphia Merrifield , née Watkins, English fashion writer and algologist * Matthias Schleiden , German botanist May 4 – Margaretta Riley , English pteridologist May 9 – Hewett Watson , English biologist May 13 – Janet Taylor , née Jane Ann Ionn, English mathematician and navigational instrument maker June 5 – Robert Schomburgk , German-born explorer July 20 – Richard Owen , English anatomist and paleontologist September 14 – John Gould , English ornithologist September 16 – Squire Whipple , American civil engineer October 1 – William Stokes , Irish physician October 24 – Wilhelm Eduard Weber , German physicist December 10 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi , German mathematician Deaths February 6 – Joseph Priestley , English chemist March 26 – Wolfgang von Kempelen , Hungarian inventor August 30 – Thomas Percival , English reforming physician and medical ethicist September 20 – Pierre Méchain , French astronomer October 2 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot , French mechanical engineer
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