1794 and 1795 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 4th Congress were held on various dates in each state between August 25, 1794, and September 5, 1795. The election was held during President George Washington's second term. The voters of Tennessee elected their first congressional representative on October 7, 1796.
In the second election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson, once again defeated the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and slightly increased their majority. These new wins by the Democratic-Republicans can mostly be attributed to the popularity of Jeffersonian ideas of agrarian democracy in the Western territories of the United States.
Election summaries
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress.One new seat was added during the 4th Congress upon the admission of Tennessee on June 1, 1796, Tennessee was not represented in the 1st session which is not included in the totals here.
Special elections
There were special and late elections to the 3rd and 4th Congresses in 1794 and 1795.3rd Congress
4th Congress
Connecticut
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| James Hillhouse | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| Amasa Learned | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Joshua Coit | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| Jonathan Trumbull Jr. | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Jeremiah Wadsworth | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Zephaniah Swift | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| Uriah Tracy | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. |
Delaware
Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Henry Latimer | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Georgia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Abraham Baldwin | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Thomas P. Carnes | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Kentucky
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Christopher Greenup | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Alexander D. Orr | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. |
Maryland
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| George Dent | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| John Francis Mercer | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor also elected to finish the term. | ||
| Uriah Forrest | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Thomas Sprigg | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Samuel Smith | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Gabriel Christie | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| William Hindman | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| William V. Murray | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The -s were in the District of Maine. A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.New Hampshire
Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| First ballot | Second ballot | - | - | - | - |
| Jeremiah Smith | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | First ballot : | |
| John Samuel Sherburne | Anti-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | First ballot : | |
| Nicholas Gilman | Pro-Administration | 1788/89 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | First ballot : | |
| Paine Wingate | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | First ballot : |
New Jersey
New York
New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.North Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Joseph McDowell | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Matthew Locke | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Joseph Winston | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Alexander Mebane | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Nathaniel Macon | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| James Gillespie | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| William B. Grove | Pro-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| William J. Dawson | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Thomas Blount | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Benjamin Williams | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.Rhode Island
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Seat A | Benjamin Bourne | Pro-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | |
| Seat B | Francis Malbone | Pro-Administration | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. |
South Carolina
Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.Representative-elect Barnwell of the declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton.
Tennessee
Tennessee elected its first representative in 1796 for this Congress.Vermont
Vermont law required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Israel Smith | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. The election was contested but eventually upheld. | First ballot : Matthew Lyon 41.7% Israel Smith 32.9% Isaac Tichenor 9.9% Gideon Olin 8.7% Others 6.8% Second ballot : | |
| Nathaniel Niles | Anti-Administration | 1791 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | First ballot : Nathaniel Niles 31.6% Daniel Buck 21.2% Jonathan Hunt 11.0% Stephen Jacob 10.9% Lewis R. Morris 8.3% Cornelius Lynde 4.7% Paul Brigham 3.3% Lot Hall 2.7% Elijah Robinson 1.3% Others 4.8% Second ballot : |
Virginia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Robert Rutherford | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Andrew Moore | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Joseph Neville | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Francis Preston | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| George Hancock | Pro-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| Isaac Coles | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Abraham B. Venable | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Thomas Claiborne | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| William B. Giles | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Carter B. Harrison | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Josiah Parker | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | ||
| John Page | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Samuel Griffin | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. The loser unsuccessfully contested the election | ||
| Francis Walker | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| James Madison Jr. | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Anthony New | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| Richard Bland Lee | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| John Nicholas | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | ||
| John Heath | Anti-Administration | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. |
Non-voting delegates
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| James White | Non-partisan | 1794 | Non-partisan delegate re-elected on an unknown date by the territorial legislature. |