1627 in science

Astronomy

• Johannes Kepler's Rudolphine Tables are published.

  Exploration

• January – The Dutch ship 't Gulden Zeepaert, skippered by François Thijssen, sails along the south coast of Australia.

  Medicine

• Adriaan van den Spiegel's De humani corporis fabrica is published posthumously in Venice with illustrations by Giulio Casserio.
• Gaspare Aselli's De lactibus sive lacteis venis is published posthumously in Milan.

  Publications

• Francis Bacon's Sylva Sylvarum, or A Natural History and New Atlantis are published posthumously.

  Births

• January 25 – Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist
• November 29 – John Ray, English naturalist

  Deaths

• February 22 – Olivier van Noort Dutch circumnavigator
• July 20 – Guðbrandur Þorláksson, Icelandic mathematician and cartographer
• October 21 – Frederick de Houtman, Dutch explorer