1220 1220 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar . This is commonly known as a limbo year.Events April 26 - Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis : German Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor , grants bishops sovereign rights. May - St. Francis of Assisi resigns from the leadership of the Franciscan Order . August 8 - Livonian Crusade - Battle of Lihula: Estonians defeat the invading Swedes . November 22 - Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor , by Pope Honorius III . The Mongols first invade the Khwarazmian Empire; Bukhara and Samarkand are taken. The Dominican Order is approved by Pope Honorius III. Conrad of Masovia drives out the heathen Prussians, from the Masovian territory of Chelmno Land . Trial by ordeal is abolished in England . The German Hohenstaufen dynasty, which had ruled Sicily since 1194 , adopts Palermo as its principal seat. Dordrecht receives city rights , making it the oldest city in the present-day Holland area. Ljubljana receives its town rights. The Islamic lands of Central Asia are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan , who lays waste to many civilizations, and creates an empire that stretches from China to the Caspian Sea . The Thai Kingdom of Sukhothai is established. Saint Benedict of Nursia is canonized by the Roman Catholic Church . Gothic architecture becomes increasingly popular in Europe: * The rebuilding of the Cathedral of Chartres , which had been destroyed by a fire in 1194, is completed. * The rebuilding of Amiens Cathedral begins. * Early part of Toulouse Cathedral completed. * The rebuilding of York Minster begins. * The building of the Salisbury Cathedral begins. The rebuilding of the city of London begins, after one of major fires . Births April 1 - Emperor Go-Saga of Japan November 11 - Alphonse of Toulouse , son of Louis VIII of France Joan, Countess of Toulouse , Przemysł I of Poland Thomas Ercildoun , Scottish minstrel Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster Yaroslav of Russia , Grand Duke of Vladimir Deaths February 17 - Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine April 15 - Adolf of Altena , Archbishop of Cologne May 8 - Richeza of Denmark , queen consort of Sweden June 1 - Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford November 3 - Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal , spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal Michael Choniates , Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar , Persian mystical poet Saxo Grammaticus , Danish historian Mestwin I of Pomerania
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