1219

By area

Africa

• November 5 – Fifth Crusade: Damietta, Egypt falls to the Crusaders after a siege.
• Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade.
• The Egyptian city of Al Mansurah is founded.

  Asia

• By letter, Genghis Khan summons Qiu Chuji to visit him, to advise him on the medicine of immortality.
• In Japan, The Hōjō clan, vassals of the shōgun, reduce him to a figurehead.
• The Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia begins with the Mongols attacking Otrar. The Governor of the city, Inalchuq, who oversaw the execution of an earlier Mongol caravan, is captured and executed.

  Europe

• June 15 – Livonian Crusade: Danish crusaders, led by King Valdemar II, conquer Tallinn in the Battle of Lyndanisse. What is to become the flag of Denmark allegedly falls from the sky during that battle. Their stronghold in Tallinn will help the Danes conquer the entirety of northern Estonia.
• Twenty-four Lithuanian dukes and nobles purportedly sign a peace treaty with Halych-Volhynia, stating a common cause against invading Christian Crusaders.
• The Serbian Orthodox Church becomes autocephalous.
• Upon the death of Aymeric of Saint Maur, Alan Marcell becomes master of the Knights Templar in England.
• The East Frisian island of Burchana is broken up in a North Sea flood.

  By topic

Technology

• The windmill is first introduced to China, with the travels of Yelü Chucai to Transoxiana.
• Mina'i ware pottery production in Persia ceases as a result of the Mongol conquest.

  Births

• Christopher I of Denmark
• Guillaume de Gisors, Grand Master of the fictional Priory of Sion
• Ariq Boke, the youngest son of Tolui and the 5th Khagan of the Mongol Empire

  Deaths

• February 13 – Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shōgun
• May 2 – King Leo II of Armenia
• May 14 – William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
• June 17 – David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon
• August – Yolanda of Flanders, Latin Empress regent of Constantinople
• November 3 – Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester, English baron and rebel
• Raymond-Roupen of Antioch
• John de Courcy, knight and Earl of Ulster
• Peter II of Courtenay, Latin Emperor of Constantinople