1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane


1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane, also called heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea, HFC-227 or FM200, as well as apaflurane, is a colourless, odourless gaseous halocarbon commonly used as a gaseous fire suppression agent.

Chemistry

Its chemical formula is -CF-CF, or CHF. With a boiling point of −16.4 °C, it is a gas at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water.

Use

HFC-227ea finds use in fire suppression systems in data processing and telecommunication facilities, and in protection of many flammable liquids and gases. HFC-227ea falls in the category of Clean Agents and is governed by NFPA 2001 - Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. Effective fire suppression requires introducing a concentration of the HFC-227ea agent between 6.25% and 9% depending on the hazard being suppressed. Its NOAEL level for cardiac sensitization is 9%. The United States Environmental Protection Agency allows concentration of 9% volume in occupied spaces without mandated egress time, or up to 10.5% for a limited time. Most fire suppression systems are designed to provide concentration of 6.25-9%.
The HFC-227ea fire suppression agent was the first non-ozone-depleting replacement for Halon 1301. In addition, HFC-227ea leaves no residue on valuable equipment after discharge.
HFC-227ea contains no chlorine or bromine atoms, presenting no ozone depletion effect. Its atmospheric lifetime is approximated between 31 and 42 years. It leaves no residue or oily deposits and can be removed by ventilation of the affected space.
As an aerosol propellant, HFC-227ea is used in pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers such as those used for dispensing asthma medication.

Safety

At high temperatures, heptafluoropropane will decompose and produce hydrogen fluoride. This is observable as presence of sharp, pungent odour, which can be perceived in concentrations far below a dangerous level. Other decomposition products include carbonyl fluoride, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Prior to re-entry of a room where HFC-227ea system has been activated to suppress a fire, the atmosphere should be tested. An added to heptafluoropropane is able to reduce the amount of hydrogen fluoride.
Contact with liquid HFC-227ea may cause frostbite.

Climate change considerations

Heptafluoropropane contributes to climate change. It has a global warming potential of 3,220.
Due to its high GWP, the HFC-227ea has been included in the list of controlled substances of the Montreal Protocol.

Tradenames for HFC-227ea used as fire suppression agent