Švenčionys


Švenčionys is a town located north of Vilnius in Lithuania. It is the capital of the Švenčionys district municipality., it had population of 4,963 of which about 17% is part of the Polish minority in Lithuania.

Etymology

There are two established hypotheses about the etymology of the Švenčionys name: one that it is the name of the nearby lake Šventas with the addition of the Lithuanian suffix -onys; another is that it is derived from the personal name, Švenčionis. In other languages the name is rendered as Święciany, Свянця́ны/Svianciany, Свентя́ны/Sventiany, סווינציאַן /Svintsyán, and Swenziany.

History

During the 1812 French invasion of Russia, Napoleon stayed in the town for 12 hours to write orders and receive an envoy from the King of Naples. The town was one of the main centers of the November Uprising in Poland and Lithuania against the Russian Empire. During World War I, it was the location of the German Sventiany Offensive.
The city was part of the Second Polish Republic for most of the interwar period. It had a significant Jewish population, but during World War II, under German occupation, the Švenčionys Ghetto was established. It operated from July 1941 to April 1943. At its peak, the ghetto housed some 1,500 prisoners. The Jewish inhabitants were deported and murdered. It was a powiat centre in Wilno Voivodeship as Święciany during Polish rule between 1920-1939.
On 18 September 1939, Švenčionys was occupied by the Red Army and, on 14 November 1939, incorporated into the Byelorussian SSR. The Soviets placed it firstly in part of Vileyka Oblast of the Belorussian SSR in 1939 but then incorporated into the Lithuanian SSR on 25 November 1940. Švenčionys was occupied by the German Army from 27 June 1941 until 7 July 1944 and placed under the administration of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In 1942 the Lithuanian Security Police murdered around 1,200 Poles in the village. Most of the municipal area remained part of the Lithuanian SSR except the Ashmyany region which was reincorporated into Belarus in 1944.

Notable residents